Some effects of the peptide are achieved through systemic antioxidant action and modulation of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and other neuronal systems
Emerging animal studies also point to possible joint and cartilage benefits, particularly when paired with hyaluronic acid therapy
Cyanocobalamin is indicated for Vitamin B12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, total or partial gastrectomy Fish tapeworm infestation Malignancy of pancreas or bowel Folic acid deficiency It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue
This distinguishes it from GLP-1 medications, which in some patients have been associated with significant lean mass reduction alongside fat loss
