When we don't get enough iron, we may experience: Reduced capacity to exercise and skeletal muscle atrophy, even before iron deficiency anemia (IDA) develops Over time, IDA, resulting in abnormal red blood cell formation and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, difficulty concentrating, impaired cognitive and immune function, and poor body temperature regulation IDA has also been linked to impaired glucose metabolism---potentially due to poor conversion of proinsulin to active insulin in the body
Cartilage structure and limited repair capacity Avascular tissue challenges: Articular cartilage (covering joint surfaces) completely lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
GHK-Cu stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, and it modulates metalloproteinases and their inhibitors
Vitamin supplements can cause side effects, though these are unlikely to relate to their expiration