C-reactive protein alters antioxidant defenses and promotes apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Smeets K, Opdenakker K, Remans T, van Sanden S, van Belleghem F, Semane B, Horemans N, Guisez Y, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A
You're eating less and burning more
In human studies, long-term recreational ketamine use has been associated with structural brain changes, including reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and impaired white matter connectivity, which are potentially linked to chronic low-grade inflammation ( 5.2.2 Mitochondrial dysfunction Ketamine disrupts mitochondrial function by reducing the membrane potential, increasing cytochrome c release, and promoting ROS generation, which collectively induce neuronal apoptosis ( Human studies have identified metabolic abnormalities in ketamine abusers, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction ( 5.2.3 Dose and frequency dependence The neurotoxic effects of ketamine are highly dependent on its dosage and frequency of use
